Abstract: In the summer of 2022, the Yangtze River Basin experienced the most severe meteorological drought event since the complete meteorological observation records from 1961, and a rare dry water event occurred once in 100 years, which caused widespread social concern and brought major challenges and impacts to the economic and social development in the basin. Based on the practice of drought resistance management, this paper analyzes the basic situation of the drought in the Yangtze River Basin in 2022 from the aspects of drought characteristics, causes of dry water and the impact of dry water in the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake area, reviews the drought response plan and the results achieved, and from the five aspects of drought mechanism cognition, monitoring ability, model support, scheme and preparedness, and water resources management system analyzed the problems and challenges faced by the water resources security in the Yangtze River Basin at present and in the future, and put forward the thinking of drought resistance and disaster reduction and comprehensive policy implementation, with a view to providing countermeasures and reference for strengthening the foundation and capacity building of the risk management of extreme drought disasters in the basin.