Abstract: The special geographical location and complex climatic characteristics determine that drought problems in China will exist for a long time. Carrying out drought risk zoning is the basis for decision making of drought risk management, the basic link of drought prevention and drought relief, and the urgent need for sustainable socio-economic development, which has important theoretical significance and application value. This paper firstly introduced the drought risk degree and the evaluation method of drought risk zoning, based on which the drought pattern of Hunan Province is zoned using different indicators, and obtained the results of drought risk zoning in Hunan Province, and deeply analyzes the spatial distribution of drought risk in Hunan Province. The research results can provide a basis for the formulation of drought mitigation engineering layout, regional disaster prevention and mitigation strategy and planning, and regional socio-economic sustainable development planning.