Abstract: Under the global climate change context, the increasing frequency and intensifying destructiveness of extreme rainstorm-induced flood disasters pose severe challenges to basin-scale flood resilience and disaster prevention systems. This study conducts a comparative analysis of four representative events: the 2024 Spain "10·29" extreme rainfall, 2021 Germany "7·13" extreme rainfall, 2021 Zhengzhou (China) "7·20" extreme rainfall, and 2023 Beijing (China) "7·31" extreme rainfall. Through horizontal comparison and analysis of their rainstorm characteristics and emergency response processes, the disastercausing mechanism under the coupling of climate change and human activities was revealed. The research finds that extreme rainstorm is characterized by "exceeding the standard, sudden and uncertainty"; the underlying surface conditions and infrastructure hazards in the basin significantly amplify the disaster effect; the lag of early warning response and the weak public awareness of disaster prevention are the key shortcomings that lead to the increase of casualties. Based on analysis, it is proposed to construct a flood disaster resilience defense system that integrates risk identification and assessment, monitoring and early warning, resilience engineering governance, and emergency response coordination, providing theoretical support and practical reference for responding to extreme flood disasters under climate change.